Speech & Articulation Development Chart

Speech & Articulation Development Chart

In the chart below, each solid bar indicates when children generally MASTER the specified sounds. This chart depicts a range of development and should only be used as a general guide.

		What sounds should my child be saying? *              Girls      Boys

birth

1 year

2 years

3 years

4 years

5 years

6 years

7 years

8 years

p,m,h,w,b

p,m,h,w,b

n

n

k

k

g

g

d

d

t

t

ing

ing

f

f

y

y

r

r

l

l

blends (st, pl, gr, etc.)

blends (st, pl, gr, etc.)

s

s

sh, ch

sh, ch

z

z

j

j

v

v

th (thumb)

th (thumb)

th (that)

th (that)

zh (measure)

zh (measure)

* Adapted from Sander JSHD 1972; Smit, et al JSHD 1990 and the Nebraska-Iowa Articulation Norms Project

©2003 Talking Child, LLC     http://www.talkingchild.com

*It is important to note that this information depicts a general range of development, and should only be used as a guide. If you have any concerns regarding your child’s speech development, we recommend that you contact a pediatrician or speech-language pathologist.

source:  http://www.talkingchild.com/speechchart.html

Baby Foot Zones

Do Not Throw Away Those Eggshells

Calcium has many important functions in the work of the body. Besides creating bone mass and preventing osteoporosis, calcium normalizes the function of the nerves and muscles, regulates heartbeat, and encourages sleep.

It is also important for the work of the immunological cells and healthy skin and hair.

There are numerous factors that drain calcium from the body, and that is too much seating, coffee, alcohol and carbonated beverages. Pregnant women and women in menopause, older men and people suffering from digestive disorders are especially prone to the lack of calcium.

An eggshell contains 90 percent calcium and is a natural source of minerals. The body easily absorbs it because of the chemical composition of the eggshell that is almost identical to human bone and teeth.

At higher doses it does not only treat the symptoms of deficiency of calcium and stops the development of osteoporosis, but also helps against high cholesterol and high blood pressure, and stimulates bone marrow to produce blood cells.

Eggshells also contain iron, copper, manganese, zinc, fluorine, phosphorus, chromium and molybdenum. Thus, most experts recommend eggshells as very effective addition of calcium to your body. Depending on the environmental age, the recommended dose is 1.5 to 3 grams of crushed shells.

Always rinse eggshells well, and then bake them in the oven at 250 degrees for 20 minutes to kill any bacteria.

Here are some wonderful egg shell uses:

Thyroid gland

Wash 8 eggshells, dry and crush them, pour the juice of 2 lemons over them and leave in the refrigerator for several days. When the eggshells become soaked and softened, filter the liquid and mix it with 1 liter of brandy and a kilogram of honey. Leave it to stand for 7 days before use. Consume 1 teaspoon two to four times a day after meals.

Gastritis, ulcer

Mix one teaspoon of grounded eggshells with a spoonful of sugar and a tablespoon of crushed walnuts. Take it for 20 days, 3 times a day with a spoon. On the tip of the knife put crushed egg shells and mix them with 2 tablespoons of lemon juice. When the eggshells soften, add 1 deciliter of hot milk. Take it 2 times a day, in the morning on an empty stomach and at night before sleeping.

Strengthen the body and cleanse the blood

Wash 4 or 5 eggshells, crush them and put them in 3 liters of water. Store it in the refrigerator for up to 7 days and use it as a drinking water. Take two to three cups of water daily with a little lemon juice.

Nourishing Face Mask
Pulverize dried egg shells with a mortar and pestle, then whisk the powder in with an egg white and use for a healthful, skin-tightening facial. Allow the face mask to dry before rinsing it off.

Treat Skin Irritations
Drop an eggshell into a small container of apple cider vinegar and let it soak for a couple of days. Dab the mixture on minor skin irritations or on itchy skin.

Better Tasting Coffee
Add some crushed eggshells to ground coffee before brewing it to make it taste less bitter. When you’re done, toss the grounds and shells on your compost heap!

Sources: 
www.naturalhealthcareforyou.com

http://www.healthyfoodteam.com/you-throw-away-the-eggshells-after-reading-this-you-will-never-do-that-again/

http://www.onegoodthingbyjillee.com/2013/06/15-surprising-uses-for-eggshells.html 

http://searching4savings.com/2013/06/20-alternative-uses-for-eggshells/

Strengthen the body and cleanse the blood
Wash 4 or 5 eggshells, crush them and put them in 3 liters of water. Store it in the refrigerator for up to 7 days and use it as a drinking water. Take two to three cups of water daily with a little lemon juice.
- See more at: http://www.healthyfoodteam.com/you-throw-away-the-eggshells-after-reading-this-you-will-never-do-that-again/#sthash.2fA74eIn.

Thyroid gland Wash 8 eggshells, dry and crush them, pour the juice of 2 lemons over them and leave in the refrigerator for several days. When the eggshells become soaked and softened, filter the liquid and mix it with 1 liter of brandy and a kilogram of honey. Leave it to stand for 7 days before use. Consume 1 teaspoon two to four times a day after meals.
Gastritis, ulcer
Mix one teaspoon of grounded eggshells with a spoonful of sugar and a tablespoon of crushed walnuts. Take it for 20 days, 3 times a day with a spoon. On the tip of the knife put crushed egg shells and mix them with 2 tablespoons of lemon juice. When the eggshells soften, add 1 deciliter of hot milk. Take it 2 times a day, in the morning on an empty stomach and at night before sleeping.
Strengthen the body and cleanse the blood
Wash 4 or 5 eggshells, crush them and put them in 3 liters of water. Store it in the refrigerator for up to 7 days and use it as a drinking water. Take two to three cups of water daily with a little lemon juice.
- See more at: http://www.healthyfoodteam.com/you-throw-away-the-eggshells-after-reading-this-you-will-never-do-that-again/#sthash.2fA74eIn.dpuf

The Story of Cosmetics

20 Home Remedies Everyone Should Know

1. Having pomegranate’s juice daily is good for heart and useful for people suffering from low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)

2. One natural treatment for acidity is chewing a few Basil (tulsi) leaves after a meal. This not just works as an antacid as it helps the body absorb food but also prevents reflux and the formation of ulcers.

3. Sucking a piece of Clove after meal helps in reducing acidity problem.

4. A flake of garlic swallowed with water taken empty stomach daily in the morning can be helpful in solving many stomach & gastric problems.

5. Headache caused by summer heat is cured by consuming watermelon juice. Just one glass a day works wonders…

6. Eating an Apple on an empty stomach in the morning relieves one of migraine pain. This must be done for a few mornings. I have been a migraine patient for past 10 years and this one worked most for me.

7. Open 6 dates and boil in 1/2 liter of milk for 25 minutes over low heat. Drink three cups a day. This is ultimate dry cough remedy.

8. Mix 2 teaspoons of honey with equal quantity of ginger juice. The concoction helps to expectorate mucus, providing relief for the common cold, coughs and sore throat.

9. Eat before breakfast half cup of cooked beets if you suffer from chronic constipation or indigestion.

10. Ayurveda cough syrup at home. Peel and chop six medium onions. Put the pieces in a container and add four tablespoons of honey. Cover and leave them in a water bath over low heat for two hours. Strain and take one tablespoon every three hours.

11. Grated cucumber applied over the face, eyes and neck for fifteen minutes is very much beneficial for acne and blackheads.

12. A simple remedy for Anemia or iron deficiency - Pound 3-4 soft dates with milk and add a little ghee in it. Eating this mixture will help to prevent Anemia.

13. Home Remedy to Cure Dark Circles- Tomato paste is one of the most effective remedies for dark circles. You can make it easily at home. Take one or two fresh tomatoes, one tablespoon of lemon juice and a pinch of gram flour and turmeric powder. Blend these ingredients nicely until they become a thick paste and apply it very gently around your eyes. Rinse it off gently with clean water after 10 or 20 minutes. Repeating this process twice or thrice every week will make your skin tone around your eyes lighter and will eventually make your dark circles go away completely.

14. Best natural remedy for sore throat is to gargle with turmeric and salt. Mix: ½ cup of warm water ½ tsp salt ¼ tsp powdered turmeric After you gargle, don’t drink or eat anything for at least ½ hr for the salt and turmeric to do their job of killing bacteria. You can repeat this as often as you need throughout the day.

15. A drop garlic juice into your ear helps to relieve the pain of an ear infection.

16. A mixture of baking soda and lemon juice applied underarms will reduce body odor.

17. Add a few fennel seeds in a pot of hot water, and then boil it for five minutes on a low temperature. Strain the solution and then drink it. You can also chew the fresh fennel leafy plants if you can bear the taste. Else you can take a mixture of fennel, cardamom and mint leaves and boil them in water to make a concoction that can help during stomach gas. This is very effective Home Remedy for Gas and Bloating:

18. Lemon is one of the richest sources of Vitamin C on the planet and it also contains nutrients like Vitamin B, riboflavin, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium. Lemon juice with warm water can also help eliminate waste in your system and serve as a Liver tonic. Daily intake of lemon water has several health benefits: It keeps your stomach healthy; acts as cure for nausea, heartburn, indigestion, high blood pressure, stress, and depression.

19. When you suffer from a hangover ,a banana milkshake with honey can give you immense relief. Cold milk soothes the stomach lining and bananas with honey build up depleted blood sugar levels.

20. Home Remedies Treatment for Cough - For severe cough, mix tulsi juice with garlic juice and honey. A teaspoon of this mixture is taken once every three hours will treat excessive coughing.

Source: Conscious Life News

10 Reasons Why Handheld Devices Should Be Banned for Children Under the Age of 12

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Society of Pediatrics state infants aged 0-2 years should not have any exposure to technology, 3-5 years be restricted to one hour per day, and 6-18 years restricted to 2 hours per day (AAP 2001/13, CPS 2010). Children and youth use 4-5 times the recommended amount of technology, with serious and often life threatening consequences (Kaiser Foundation 2010, Active Healthy Kids Canada 2012). Handheld devices (cell phones, tablets, electronic games) have dramatically increased the accessibility and usage of technology, especially by very young children (Common Sense Media, 2013). As a pediatric occupational therapist, I'm calling on parents, teachers and governments to ban the use of all handheld devices for children under the age of 12 years. Following are 10 research-based reasons for this ban. Please visit zonein.ca to view the Zone'in Fact Sheet for referenced research. 
1. Rapid brain growth
Between 0 and 2 years, infant's brains triple in size, and continue in a state of rapid development to 21 years of age (Christakis 2011). Early brain development is determined by environmental stimuli, or lack thereof. Stimulation to a developing brain caused by overexposure to technologies (cell phones, internet, iPads, TV), has been shown to be associated with executive functioning and attention deficit, cognitive delays, impaired learning, increased impulsivity and decreased ability to self-regulate, e.g. tantrums (Small 2008, Pagini 2010).
2. Delayed Development
Technology use restricts movement, which can result in delayed development. One in three children now enter school developmentally delayed, negatively impacting literacy and academic achievement (HELP EDI Maps 2013). Movement enhances attention and learning ability (Ratey 2008). Use of technology under the age of 12 years is detrimental to child development and learning (Rowan 2010).
3. Epidemic ObesityTV and video game use correlates with increased obesity (Tremblay 2005). Children who are allowed a device in their bedrooms have 30% increased incidence of obesity (Feng 2011). One in four Canadian, and one in three U.S. children are obese (Tremblay 2011). 30% of children with obesity will develop diabetes, and obese individuals are at higher risk for early stroke and heart attack, gravely shortening life expectancy (Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2010). Largely due to obesity, 21st century children may be the first generation many of whom will not outlive their parents (Professor Andrew Prentice, BBC News 2002).
4. Sleep Deprivation 60% of parents do not supervise their child's technology usage, and 75% of children are allowed technology in their bedrooms (Kaiser Foundation 2010). 75% of children aged 9 and 10 years are sleep deprived to the extent that their grades are detrimentally impacted (Boston College 2012).
5. Mental Illness
Technology overuse is implicated as a causal factor in rising rates of child depression, anxiety, attachment disorder, attention deficit, autism, bipolar disorder, psychosis and problematic child behavior (Bristol University 2010, Mentzoni 2011, Shin 2011, Liberatore 2011, Robinson 2008). One in six Canadian children have a diagnosed mental illness, many of whom are on dangerous psychotropic medication (Waddell 2007).
6. Aggression
Violent media content can cause child aggression (Anderson, 2007). Young children are increasingly exposed to rising incidence of physical and sexual violence in today's media. "Grand Theft Auto V" portrays explicit sex, murder, rape, torture and mutilation, as do many movies and TV shows. The U.S. has categorized media violence as a Public Health Risk due to causal impact on child aggression (Huesmann 2007). Media reports increased use of restraints and seclusion rooms with children who exhibit uncontrolled aggression.
7. Digital dementia
High speed media content can contribute to attention deficit, as well as decreased concentration and memory, due to the brain pruning neuronal tracks to the frontal cortex (Christakis 2004, Small 2008). Children who can't pay attention can't learn.
8. Addictions
As parents attach more and more to technology, they are detaching from their children. In the absence of parental attachment, detached children can attach to devices, which can result in addiction (Rowan 2010). One in 11 children aged 8-18 years are addicted to technology (Gentile 2009).
9. Radiation emission
In May of 2011, the World Health Organization classified cell phones (and other wireless devices) as a category 2B risk (possible carcinogen) due to radiation emission (WHO 2011). James McNamee with Health Canada in October of 2011 issued a cautionary warning stating "Children are more sensitive to a variety of agents than adults as their brains and immune systems are still developing, so you can't say the risk would be equal for a small adult as for a child." (Globe and Mail 2011). In December, 2013 Dr. Anthony Miller from the University of Toronto's School of Public Health recommend that based on new research, radio frequency exposure should be reclassified as a 2A (probable carcinogen), not a 2B (possible carcinogen). American Academy of Pediatrics requested review of EMF radiation emissions from technology devices, citing three reasons regarding impact on children (AAP 2013).
10. Unsustainable
The ways in which children are raised and educated with technology are no longer sustainable (Rowan 2010). Children are our future, but there is no future for children who overuse technology. A team-based approach is necessary and urgent in order to reduce the use of technology by children. Please reference below slide shows on www.zonein.ca under "videos" to share with others who are concerned about technology overuse by children.
Problems - Suffer the Children - 4 minutes Solutions - Balanced Technology Management - 7 minutes

The following Technology Use Guidelines for children and youth were developed by Cris Rowan, pediatric occupational therapist and author of Virtual Child; Dr. Andrew Doan, neuroscientist and author of Hooked on Games; and Dr. Hilarie Cash, Director of reSTART Internet Addiction Recovery Program and author of Video Games and Your Kids, with contribution from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Pediatric Society in an effort to ensure sustainable futures for all children. 

Technology Use Guidelines for Children and Youth

 
Source:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cris-rowan/10-reasons-why-handheld-devices-should-be-banned_b_4899218.html

Please contact Cris Rowan at info@zonein.ca for additional information. © Zone'in February